Hashemi Jam1*

1 Tabriz medicine university, Iran.
*Corresponding Author:Hashemi Jam, personal office, Tabriz medicine university, Iran; TEL:+98 9143959323; FAX:+98 9143959323;;E-mail:drshahrzad_jam@yahoo.com

Citation:Hashemi Jam (2017) Incidence of Hanifin and Rajka Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis in Patients Referring to Dermatology Office in Sina Hospital. J Dermatol & Ther 1:105.

Copyright:© 2017 Hashemi Jam, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Received date: July 19, 2017; Accepted date:September 20, 2017;Published date: September 27, 2017

Background: Atopic dermatitis is one of common dermatological disease particularity infants and children. However it is reported in all age groups. Different diagnostics guidelines have been proposed in this regard. The hanifin- rajka major and minor criteria seem to have got a better acceptance.

Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating the clinical pattern of atopic dermatitis based on Hanifin-Rajka criteria in dermatology clinic of tabriz Sina hospital.

Material and Methods: In an analytical- descriptive cross sectional study 60 patients with atopic dermatitis were recruited in one year in Tabriz. Sina hospital.the patients were selected in three 20 groups. minor and major criteria for atopic dermatitis were evaluated in each group.

Results: The major criteria were pruritus 81.7%. Characteristic distribution and morphology66.7%. Flexural lichenification in adults 25 %. facial and ex-tensor involvement in infants and children 53.3%. chronic and relapsing dermatitis 50%. and personal or family history of atopia/asthma, allergic rhinitis. and allergic dermatitis 46.7%. accordingly the major criteria were positive in 80%. the most common minor criteria were exeroderma 87.3%. eczema perifollicular exacerbation 35%. accentuation of the palralines 31.7%. recurred conjunctivitis 30%. hyper igE 21.7 %. and cheilitis 21.7%. accordingly the minor criteria were present in 83.3%.

Conclusion: As there is not any similar reports in Iranian community. the current investigation is the only one reporting fereqncic of major and minor criteria for atopic dermatitis.

Hanifin- Rajka, atopic dermatitis, age

Atopic eczema is a chronic, itchy skin condition that is very common in children but may occur at any age. It is also known as eczema, atopic dermatitis and neurodermatitis. It is the most common form of dermatitis.

Atopic eczema usually occurs in people who have an 'atopic tendency'. This means they may develop any or all of three closely linked conditions; atopic eczema, asthma and hay fever (allergic rhinitis). Often these conditions run within families with a parent, child or sibling also affected. A family history of asthma, eczema or hay fever is particularly useful in diagnosing atopic eczema in infants.

Atopic eczema arises because of a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. These include defects in skin barrier function making the skin more susceptible to irritation by soap and other contact irritants, the weather, temperature and non-specific triggers [1]. Topic eczema affects 15-20% of children but is much less common in adults. It is impossible to predict whether eczema will improve by itself or not in an individual. Sensitive skin persists life-long.

It is unusual for an infant to be affected with atopic eczema before the age of four months but they may suffer from infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis or other rashes prior to this. The onset of atopic eczema is usually before two years of age although it can manifest itself in older people for the first time.

Atopic eczema is often worst between the ages of two and four but it generally improves after this and may clear altogether by the teens.

Certain occupations such as farming, hairdressing, domestic and industrial cleaning, domestic duties and care-giving expose the skin to various irritants and, sometimes, allergens. This aggravates atopic eczema. It is wise to bear this in mind when considering career options — it is usually easier to choose a more suitable occupation from the outset than to change it later [2-4]. Atopic dermatitis is one of common dermatological disease particularity infants and children.

However it is reported in all age groups.different diagnostics guidelines have been proposed in this regard. The hanifin- rajka major and minor criteria seem to have got a better acceptance. This study aimed at evaluating the clinical pattern of atopic dermatitis based on Hanifin-Rajka criteria in dermatology clinic of tabriz Sina hospital.

In an analytical- descriptive cross sectional study 60 patients with atopic dermatitis were recruited in one year in Tabriz. Sina hospital.the patients were selected in three 20 groups. minor and major criteria for atopic dermatitis were evaluated in each group.

Major Criteria:

Must have three or more of:

 1. Pruritus

2. Typical morphology and distribution

●Flexural lichenification or linearity in adults

●Facial and extensor involvement in infants and children

3. Chronic or chronically-relapsing dermatitis [5-7]

4. Personal or family history of atopy (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis)

Minor Criteria:

Should have three or more of:

 1. Xerosis

2. Ichthyosis, palmar hyperlinearity, or keratosis pilaris

3. Immediate (type 1) skin-test reactivity

4. Raised serum IgE

5. Early age of onset

6. Tendency toward cutaneous infections (especially S aureus and herpes simplex) or impaired cell-mediated immunity [8-10]

7. Tendency toward non-specific hand or foot dermatitis

8. Nipple eczema

9. Cheilitis

10. Recurrent conjunctivitis

11. Dennie-Morgan infraorbital fold

12. Keratoconus

13. Anterior subcapsular cataracts

14. Orbital darkening

15. Facial pallor or facial erythema

16. Pityriasis alba

17. Anterior neck folds

18. Itch when sweating

19. Intolerance to wool and lipid solvents

20. Perifollicular accentuation [11,12]

21. Food intolerance

22. Course influenced by environmental or emotional factors

23. White dermographism or delayed blanch

The major criteria were pruritus 81.7%. characteristic distribution and morphology66.7%. flexural lichenification in adults 25 %. facial and ex-tensor involvement in infants and children 53.3%. chronic and relapsing dermatitis 50%. and personal or family history of atopia/asthma, allergic rhinitis. and allergic dermatitis 46.7%. [13,14]

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Accordingly the major criteria were positive in 80%. the most common minor criteria were exeroderma 87.3%. eczema perifollicular exacerbation 35%. accentuation of the palralines 31.7%

Recurred conjunctivitis 30%. hyper igE 21.7 %. and cheilitis 21.7%. accordingly the minor criteria were present in 83.3%. [15,16]

As there are not any similar reports in Iranian community. The current investigation is the only one reporting frequency of major and minor criteria for atopic dermatitis.

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2. Hanifin JM, Cooper KD, Ho VC, Kang S, Krafchik BR, et al. (2004) Guidelines of care for atopic dermatitis, developed in accordance with the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD)/American Academy of Dermatology Association "Administrative Regulations for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines". J Am Acad Dermatol 50: 391-404. [crossref]
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7. American Academy of Dermatology web site. Administrative regulations. Evidencebased clinical practice guidelines. Accessed November 15, 2011.
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10. Ellis CN, Mancini AJ, Paller AS, Simpson EL, Eichenfield LF, et al. (2012) Understanding and managing atopic dermatitis in adult patients. Semin Cutan Med Surg 31: S18-22.
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12. Mevorah B, Frenk E, Wietlisbach V, Carrel CF (1988) Minor clinical features of atopic dermatitis. Evaluation of their diagnostic significance. Dermatologica 177: 360-364. [crossref]
13. Gu H, Chen XS, Chen K, Yan Y, Jing H, et al. (2001) Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis: validity of the criteria of Williams et al. in a hospital-based setting. Br J Dermatol 145: 428-433.
14. Haileamlak A, Lewis SA, Britton J, Venn AJ, Woldemariam D, et al. (2005) Validation of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) and U.K. criteria for atopic eczema in Ethiopian children. Br J Dermatol 152: 735-741. [crossref]
15. Lan CC, Lee CH, Lu YW, Lin CL, Chiu HH, et al. (2009) Prevalence of adult atopic dermatitis among nursing staff in a Taiwanese medical center: a pilot study on validation of diagnosticquestionnaires. JAmAcadDermatol 61: 806-812.
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